Shemini Atzeret (Simchat Torah)
Deuteronomy 33:1 – 34:12, Numbers 29:35 – 30:1, Genesis 1:1 – 2:3, and Joshua 1:1-18
Additionally, in the diaspora: Deuteronomy 14:22 – 16:17 and I Kings 8:54-66
During this celebration, in the first Torah scroll, we complete the reading of the fifth book of the Torah. This passage recounts the blessings that Moses bestows upon the Children of Israel, the appointment of Joshua as the new leader, and the death of Moses. The second scroll pertains to the festival, and in the third, we begin the first verses of Bereshit, which recount the creation of the world.
Genesis 1:1-3
בְּרֵאשִׁית, בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים, אֵת הַשָּׁמַיִם, וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ. וְהָאָרֶץ, הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ, וְחֹשֶׁךְ, עַל-פְּנֵי תְהוֹם; וְרוּחַ אֱלֹקִים, מְרַחֶפֶת עַל-פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים, יְהִי אוֹר; וַיְהִי-אוֹר.
In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty; darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light.”
The Moses Ben Maimon(1) Synagogue in Abu Dhabi, designed by Sir David Adjaye(2) and inaugurated in February 2023, features a modern structure reminiscent of a Sukkah, allowing light to freely enter. It is named after the renowned author of the Mishneh Torah(3), who asserts that the earth belongs to God and that He gave the land of Israel to the Jews. This concept of divine ownership is also reflected in Rashi’s(4) commentary on Genesis 1:1, where he explains that the Torah begins with the creation of the world so that, if the nations accuse the Children of Israel of stealing the land, they can respond: ‘The entire earth belongs to God, for He created it and gave it to whomever He deemed worthy’ (Jeremiah 27:5).
(1) Rabbi Moses ben Maimon (1135-1204), known as Maimonides or by the acronym Rambam, was a prominent Jewish philosopher, theologian, and legal codifier. His major work is the Mishneh Torah.
(2) Sir David Adjaye, an internationally renowned Ghanaian-British architect, was born in 1966 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He was knighted in 2017 by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to architecture.
(3) The Mishneh Torah is a monumental work, divided into 14 books, that codifies Jewish law and serves as an essential reference in Jewish tradition. In the chapter Hilchot Shemittah VeYovel 13:13, Maimonides refers to the verse: “The land shall not be sold permanently, for the land is Mine; for you are strangers and sojourners with Me” (Leviticus 25:23). In Hilchot Melachim UMilchamotehem 5:6, he also mentions the verse: “You shall take possession of the land and dwell in it, for I have given the land to you to possess” (Numbers 33:53).
(4) Rashi: An acronym for Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (1040-1105), a famous commentator on the Torah and Talmud. His clear and concise explanations, written in Hebrew, are widely adopted in Jewish studies.